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Quellennachweise und weitere Informationen zu den Themen...
Kaugummi und Mundhygiene:
M1 Repräsentative Emnid-Umfrage 2003 im Auftrag der Initiative proDente.
M2 Beiswanger, B.B.; Elias, A.; Mau, M.S.; Katz, B.; Proskin, H.M.; Stookey, G.K. (1998): The Effects of Chewing Sugar-Free Gum after Meals on Clinical Caries Incidence. JADA, 129: 1623-6. Kandelman, D.; Gagnon, G. (1990): A 24-Month Clinical Study of the Incidence and Progression of Dental Caries in Relation to Consumption of Chewing Gum Containing Xylitol in School Preventive Programs. Journal Dental Research 69 (11): 1711-1775. Szoke, J.; Banoczy, J.; Proskin, H.M. (2001): Effect of After-Meal Sucrose-Free Gum-Chewing on Clinical Caries. J. Dent. Res. 80 (9): 1725-9.
M3 Dawes, C.; Macpherson, MD. (1992): Effects of Nine Different Chewing-Gums and Lozenges on Salivary Flow Rate and pH, Caries Research 26 (3): 176-182. Dodds, MW. J.; Hsieh, SC.; Johnson, DA. (1991): The Effect of increased mastication by daily gum-chewing on salivary gland output and dental plaque acidogenicity. J Dent Res 70: 1474-8. Edgar, W.M.; Dawes, C.; O’Mullane, D. (2004, third edition): Saliva and Oral Health, British Dent. Journal Publication, London.
M4 Bjornstrom, M.; Axel, T.; Birkhed, D. (1990): Comparison between saliva stimulants and saliva substitutes in patients with symptoms related to dry mouth. A multi-centre study. Swed Dent J. 14: 153-161.
M5 Emnid-Umfrage (im Auftrag der Initiative proDente): Schöne Zähne liegen im Trend. 2008.
M6 Umfrage (im Auftrag der Wrigley GmbH) (2006/2007): Global Dentist Research.
M7 AC Nielsen, Basis (2008): Wert, Detschland gesamt.
Weitere Informationen:
Manning, RH.; Edgar, WM. (1993): pH changes in plaque after eating meals, and their modification by chewing sugared or sugar-free gum. Brit Dent J. 174: 241-244; Leach, SA; Lee, GTR; Edgar, WM (1989): Remineralisation of artificial caries-like lesions in human emanel in situ by chewing sorbitol gum. J Dent Res. 69: 1064-1068.
Söderling, E.; Mäkinen, KK.; Chen, C-Y.; Pape, HR.; Loesche, W.; Mäkinen, P-L. (1989): Effect of sorbitol, xylitol and xylitol/sorbitol chewing gums on dental plaque. Caries Res 23: 378-84.
www.betteroralhealth.info
www.wrigley-dental.de
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Aufmerksamkeit und Konzentration:
A1 Baker, JR.; Bezance, JB.; Zellaby, E.; Aggleton, JP. (2004): Chewing gum can produce context-dependent effects upon memory. Appetite 43 (2): 207-210.
A2 Epplé, I. (2006): Was die kleinen grauen Zellen bewegt. Nordbayerischer Kurier, 21.10.2006.
A3 Wilkinson I.; Scholey A.; Wesnes K. (2002): Chewing gum selectively improves aspects of memory in healthy volunteers. Appetite 38 (3): 235-236.
A4 Johnston C.; Tyler C.; Stansberry S.; Palcic J.; Foreyt P. (2009): Gum Chewing Affects Academic Performance in Adolescents. Pediatrics-Nutrition, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
A5 Sasaki, A. (2001): Influence of mastication on the amount of haemoglobin in human brain tissue. Journal of Stomatological Society, Japan 68 (1), 72-81.
A6 TNS Canadian Facts (2006).
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Stress und Anspannung:
S1 Umfrage im Auftrag von Wrigley 2006. Stichprobe: 500 Verbraucher im Alter von 14 bis 49 Jahren.
S2 Hollingworth, H. L. (1939): Chewing as a technique of relaxation. Science 90, 385-387.
S3 Hendrickson, R. (1976): The Great American Gum Book. Chilton Book Company.
S4 Morinushi, T.; Masumoto, Y.; Kawasaki, H.; Takigawa, M. (2000): Effect on electroencephalogram (EEG) of chewing flavoured gum. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 54 (6) 645.
S5 Forsa-Umfrage (im Auftrag der Techniker Krankenkasse und des F.A.Z.-Instituts): Von der Hausfrau bis zum Manager – Deutschland im Stress. Mai 2009.
S6 TNS Emnid-Umfrage (im Auftrag der Wrigley GmbH): Stress bei der Arbeit. Juli/ August 2008.
S7 Scholey, A.: An investigation into the effects of gum chewing on mood and cortisol levels during psychological stress. 10th International Congress of Behavioral Medicine. Tokyo, Japan. 2008.
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Raucherentwöhnung:
R1 Baker, JR.; Bezance, JB.; Zellaby, E.; Aggleton, JP. (2004): Chewing gum can produce context-dependent effects upon memory. Appetite 43 (2): 207-210.
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Gewichtsmanagement:
G1 Levine, J.; Baukol, P.; Pavlidis I. (1999): The energy expended in chewing gum. New England Journal of Medicine, vol 341 no 27.
G2 Boyland, E.; Hetherington, M. (2005): NAASO’s 2005 Annual Scientific Meeting in Vancouver, Canada: Role of Chewing Gum in Short Term Appetite Regulation. (776)
G3 Geiselman PJ.; Martin CK.; Coulon S.; Ryan DH.; Apperson M. (2009): Short-Term Effects of Chewing Gum on Specific Macronutrient and Total Calorie Intake. ASN Scientific Sessions and Annual Meeting at Experimental Biology 2009. New Orleans, LA.
G4 Melanson, Kathleen J.; Reti, Kaitlyn E.; Kresge, Daniel L. (2009): Impact of chewing gum on appetite, meal intake, and mood under controlled conditions. Obesity 2009. Washington, D.C. October 2009.
G5 Kresge, Daniel L.; Reti, Kaitlyn E.; Melanson, Kathleen J. (2009): Relationships between gum chewing, energy expenditure and RQ before and after controlled breakfasts. Obesity 2009. Washington, D.C. October 2009.
G6 Hetherington M. M.; Boyland E. (2007): Short term effects of chewing gum on snack intake and appetite. Appetite. 2007 May; 48(3):397-401.
G7 Hetherington M. M.; Regan M.F. (2007): Effect of chewing gum on short-term appetite control and reduced snack intake in moderately restrained eaters. Obesity. 2007; 15: 510-P.
G8 www.gesuender-abnehmen.com: Kalorienverbrauch berufliche Tätigkeiten. Oktober 2009.
G9 Forsa-Umfrage (im Auftrag der Wrigley GmbH): Gewicht in Balance 2010. November 2009.
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Weitere Vorteile des Kauens:
W1 Avidan, B.; Sonnenberg, A.; Schnell, TG.; Sontag, SJ. Walking and chewing reduce postprandial acid reflux. Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87108, USA.
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Kaugummi allgemein:
K1 Wrigley (2008): Wrigley‘s Monthly Consumer Tracking.
K2 AC Nielsen, Basis (2008): Deutschland gesamt MAT KW 44/2008.
K3 Kaugummi-Verband e.V. (2009): Kaugummimarkt 2008. Januar 2009.
K4 Ellis, A.: Training der Gefühle. Wie Sie sich hartnäckig weigern, unglücklich zu sein. Heidelberg: Mvg Verlag. 2006.
K5 iconKids&Youth-Umfrage (im Auftrag von Expedia.de): Familienurlaub 2008. Ein Trendreport von Expedia.de. Januar 2008.
K6 Magazin für Verbraucher Nr. 003 05/2008. Schwerpunkt: Rund ums Reisen.
K7 Apotheken Umschau: So essen Sie gesund im Job. 2010. Online unter: URL: http://www.apotheken-umschau.de/Abnehmen/So-essen-Sie-gesund-im-Job-A100112MASIQ127534.html
K8 MDR: Magnesium und Kalium für das Herz. 2005. Online unter: URL: www.mdr.de/hauptsache-gesund/1888625-hintergrund-1885996.html
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